PDA

View Full Version : Etymology of #47 - "Kun" character?


peter
March 4th, 2005, 12:39 PM
Hello all,

For some days I think about #47 "Kun" hexagram and its name. It attracted my attention because this hexagram reflects origin of Chinese elements by He Tu scheme (He Tu cross). Look at trigrams - both outer and inner, in order "1-2-3 - 2-3-4 - 3-4-5 - 4-5-6": Kan-Li-Xun-Dui, Water-Fire-Wood-Metal, it is just 1-2-3-4 in He Tu numbers. And while #47 is balanced (3 yang and 3 yin), we can suppose that this hexagram itself belongs to Earth - while Earth is balanced, yin-yang element. (#6 "Song" has the same order of elements, but it is not balanced, so it is of lesser interest.)

And now I wonder - why Fu Xi named this hexagram "Exhaustion" (or "Adversity", or "Oppression", or "Trapped", as I saw in different translations)?

The character consists of two elements - "fence" with "tree" in it. But "Zhongwen.com" gives its etymology as "Tree growing in ruined enclosure". Probably it shows us a tree that tries to grow in ruins of a house (remember Chinese houses - a yard in the center, and rooms on periphery) - of course, if there are too little land for it in this yard, and out of it there is only clay, then it is hard for this tree to grow soundly.

By association I looked for etymology for "garden" ("yuan"): it also has a "fence" ("enclosure" in "Zhongwen.com" terms), but with "yuan" phonetic in the center, and this phonetic means "long flowing robe", so it has little in common with trees, bushes and all that a garden must have.

So - maybe someone knows history of this character "kun"? Maybe it meant something else in old times? Moreover - the hexagram consists of Lake and Water trigrams, how a tree could appear in the character?

BTW - does anybody knows how this hexagram is named in Mawangdui text? I remember that in that text more than a half of hexagrams are named differently from "classical version".

bradford_h
March 4th, 2005, 03:19 PM
Hi Peter-
It's Kun in the Mawangdui text as well.
Karlgren goes wth the standard etymology (railed in tree)
It's missing in Wilder's "Analysis."
Will leave the rest for LiSe.

lightofdarkness
March 5th, 2005, 06:56 AM
From a universal perspective 47 covers intensity in expression (expansive bonding) in a context of containment (contractive bounding). Thus, any LOCAL meanings that cover these generic qualities will 'fit' 47.

To bond means to share space with another/others. To bound means a parts distinctions, 'us' from 'them', some form of boundary at work.

From a universal perspective, 47 has its skeletal form described by analogy to 10. As the skeleton fills-in so out pops the full expression we label as 47.

All of this leads into the seeding of FEELINGS from unconscious processes operating as universals - our consciousness then ties the universal to the local but in doing so will bias that tie - and so a label of the negative of 47 from a perspective of change - the enclosure 'blocks' change; appears to prohibit 'freedom'. It is like 12 where the focus is on neutralising others to maintain one's faith - but that is a negative act in the context of change and so 'standstill', 'stagnation' etc are the preferred terms!

The LOCAL entymology is seeded by a universal, the FEELINGS of bonding and bounding etc.

Note that 47 and 06 stem from the same source - 47 is unconditional in focus, 06 is conditional.

Chris.

yly2pg1
March 8th, 2005, 01:07 AM
The history of the character "kun", i am so sure.

But i have something to add to the etymology of "fence" in 47 and yuan2.
The fence is indeed a kind of boundary.
The chinese coins the boundary as ge2 ju2 (http://afpc.asso.fr/wengu/wg/zhendic.php?q=%AE%E6).
Quite align with the concept contractive bounding in IDM, i guess.

In our daily life, we can find the concept of fence in many instances:
the lines surround the soccer field; our habits which dictates our behaviours;
different paper size with A4 ~ A0 etc. etc.

Some even point out that Yi is a book for 47!