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An etymology of the ideogram Sun.41

confucius

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Etymology of the ideogram Sun.41






Three elements are used to illustrate hexagram forty-one. On the left is the ideogram for Hand. Sun.41 is the only one of the sixty-four hexagrams whose name is characterized by this general action symbol.

On the right, a group formed by two superimposed ideograms; at the bottom, a character whose present form describes generally what is Precious. Its canonical form represented a ritualistic Cauldron, as is understood in Ding.50. This precious bronze vase echoing the one represented in the name Increase (Yi.42) constitutes one of the multiple elements linking these two ideograms.

Above that vase, a character whose present form designated the Mouth. The primitive stroke of that mouth was and meant something else: it was a circle representing the enclosure of that vase drawn below. This round enclosure was not seen from above but rather horizontally.

The meaning of this compound group represents the action carried out on a vase in a way that its enclosure becomes visible horizontally. This may mean the gesture of tilting the vase to empty its content. From there is drawn the primary meaning of the ideogram: To Diminish, To Lower, To Decrease. Afterwards this character would adopt different meanings concerning Loses, as for example To Weaken, To Criticise, To Moke…

Nowadays, this ideogram is particularly used in financial transactions in combination with the name of hexagram 42: Yi. They are used to depict the Withdraw (Diminish) and Deposit (Increase) columns in banking.

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