Indeed!Clarity,
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Just want to leave some links for whoever might be interested in the history of the images of "cutting off nose", "cutting off foot", "tattooed face" and such, as they can be seen in hexagram 4.1 (xing, punishment), 21.2, 21.6, and 38.3 (and I might be missing other mentions).
It seems that tattooing, cutting off nose, cutting of foot (also associated with cutting of ear), castration and death were the five capital penalties in early China. I'll leave some sources to further explore the possible symbolism of this:
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/wuxing-penal.html (here you can check a general overview on all the five penalties)
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https://ctext.org/shang-shu/marquis-of-lu-on-punishments (here you can check the chapter Lu Xing (Penalties of the Duque Lu) of the Shang Shu (Book of Documents), where many of these subjects are treated)
I'll leave a fragment here:
“Heaven, in its wish to regulate the people, allows us for a day to make use of punishments… Reverently apportion the five punishments, so as fully to exhibit the three virtues... The Minister of Crime [sikou 司寇] exercised among them the restraint of punishment in exact adaptation to each offence, and taught them to reverence virtue.” (Shangshu, Lüxing, trad. Legge)
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Article: Jesse Chapman - Unwholesome Bodies... (a nice article on the subject, I'll leave some captures below of parts that caught my attention)
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(See hexagram 38, line 3, very meaningful)
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ON THE SWAP FROM "PUNISHMENT" TO "SHAME"
(maybe connected to "hummiliation"? just a thought)
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Again, this could help understand the first line of hexagram 4: "remove shackles. if not so, humiliating"
Hope this helps further understand the text
Un saludo!
J.
It seems that tattooing, cutting off nose, cutting of foot (also associated with cutting of ear), castration and death were the five capital penalties in early China. I'll leave some sources to further explore the possible symbolism of this:
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/wuxing-penal.html (here you can check a general overview on all the five penalties)
______________________________________________________________________
https://ctext.org/shang-shu/marquis-of-lu-on-punishments (here you can check the chapter Lu Xing (Penalties of the Duque Lu) of the Shang Shu (Book of Documents), where many of these subjects are treated)
I'll leave a fragment here:
“Heaven, in its wish to regulate the people, allows us for a day to make use of punishments… Reverently apportion the five punishments, so as fully to exhibit the three virtues... The Minister of Crime [sikou 司寇] exercised among them the restraint of punishment in exact adaptation to each offence, and taught them to reverence virtue.” (Shangshu, Lüxing, trad. Legge)
______________________________________________________________________
Article: Jesse Chapman - Unwholesome Bodies... (a nice article on the subject, I'll leave some captures below of parts that caught my attention)
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(See hexagram 38, line 3, very meaningful)
________________________________________________________________________________________
ON THE SWAP FROM "PUNISHMENT" TO "SHAME"
(maybe connected to "hummiliation"? just a thought)
________________________________________________________________________________________
Again, this could help understand the first line of hexagram 4: "remove shackles. if not so, humiliating"
Hope this helps further understand the text
Un saludo!
J.