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Etymology of Kun(2) Exiting level

confucius

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The exiting level of an hexagram often shows a turnaround, manifested here by the disappearance of the Yin retinue. Compared to the third level where it is advised Not to Bring To Term, there is in the depths a surpassing where patience and suppleness allow to get results. All of a sudden appears the Dragon, emblem of Qian (1) and of the Yang firmness particularly misadapted to this context, in an ambiance of troubled discord where are mixed the Yellow of the Earth and the sombre tints of the sky.

The Blood mentioned as Black and Yellow, is it of a war and death or love and birth ? Learned Chinese have debated this question for many centuries, the interpretation leaning towards the struggle during periods of political turmoil and on the side of embrace during periods of harmony and stability. No mantic appreciation allows to draw between these two points of view.

龍 Dragons : Emblem of the productive power of Yang, in the context of the Yi Ching, the Dragon only figures here outside of Qian (1). In China, dragons are omnipresent. Deeply rooted in oriental imagination since ancient times as the emblem of the benevolent power of the vital impetus, dragons would naturally come to portray the productive power of the Yang. Aquatic animal, the Chinese dragon spits the fertile waters and not the destructive fire as dragons do in the West. During winter, still in the water depths it fills itself with water; During Spring it awakens to the rumble of storms and takes off towards the heavens. In Summer, it soars in the sky from where it spreads, as fertile rain, the accumulated water gathered during the Yin season and, when Autumn comes, it dives back down towards the sombre waters to restore its strength during its Winter slumber.

戦 子 Body to Body : Written by combining the general symbol for Arms and a complex group describing Cries and Assaults, the ideogram’s most common use is To Flight, To Confront, Combat Hand to Hand. However, outside a military context it has an understated amorous meaning. Body To Body, using a little bit of both definitions, uses this double sense, so have agreed many commentators throughout history.

野 Confines (Borders) : For the Chinese, confines are more than Fields. The ideogram here used combines the notion of Trading Area, as seen in Yu (16) and that of Rural Village. Its derived meanings : Rustic, Rough, Wild, reminds us that originally it meant Back Country, situated far beyond cultivated fields. There, at the confines of the land where flourishes the Chinese culture, one encounters the Barbarians. More on this is found at Tong Ren (13) sole other place where it is found in the context of the Yi Ching.

血 Blood : In ancient China, blood was ritualistic before it was physiological. However, in the context of the Yi ching, every time Blood is mentioned, it is in a sterile or tensed context of coupling. It is therefore possible to read it as a physical injury, or moral, or again a worry ( understanding that these modify blood pressure).

其 Black : The text bears an obscure ideogram which does not describe the usual Black colour ( associated to the North, to Winter and to Yin). Meaning also Subtile, Sombre, Mysterious, it represents rather a very dark red tint considered as one of the attributes of Heaven.

玄 黄 Yellow : Emblematic colour of the centre of the Earth. Associated to Earth and the Just Middle, synonymous of exactness and impartiality, Yellow is the sovereign colour by excellence ( only imperial buildings were allowed to have yellow roofs) . Its worth, infinitely more positive than it is in the West, is particularly associated, in the context of the Yi Ching, to the Yin force, as is stated at the two superior levels of this hexagram. It represents the attitude which allows all realisations : To adapt in all directions, without the need to impose.

其 玄 黄 Black and Yellow : The association of these two colours has become a classic literary expression meaning : Heaven and Earth. It can also mean To Be Ill, most likely for reasons of inappropriate mixes.
 

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