Clarity,
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PO Box 6945,
London.
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Hi, Hilary:... And Pankenier in Astrology and Cosmology in Early China, when he has finished explaining about the Dragon made of stars, adds some good information about the Yangtze alligators:
- they were numerous, especially in the marshy regions in the east
- their skin and bones were used to make drums, even in prehistory
- ...and the drums were used to call the dragon to bring rain
- they hibernate underground over winter, hunt and bask during the day in spring, become more nocturnal in summer. So their behaviour actually matches the movements of the constellation as well as echoing the seasonal round of ancient Chinese farmers.
The question now arises, how early is it possible to document this focus on the astronomical function of the Dragon constellation? Although dragon motifs of many kinds are nearly ubiquitous in early Chinese Bronze Age art, their abstract, multifaceted depictions have long discouraged speculation about a naturalistic origin. Some art historians have considered the often “dragonitic” mask-like taotie images fanciful, a pure product of human imagination. Others,
on scant evidence, impute “shamanistic” significance to them (see the Sidebar on taotie).47 A few scholars have alluded to a more down-to-earth connection of the dragon with the endangered Yangtze alligator, Alligator sinensis.
In fact, the climate of north China where the dragon motif was widespread by the early second millennium BCE was much warmer and wetter than at present. Abundant textual and archaeological evidence shows that the alligator, together with the Asian elephant, rhinoceros, and other subtropical flora and fauna, were common in north China, especially in marshlands and swampy areas in the
east.49 Archaeological finds of polished alligator scales in Neolithic burials at Dawenkou and alligator skin drums containing alligator bones at Taosi, some five hundred kilometers from their customary range, attest to the presence of that creature in the eastern Yellow River drainage, and to the alligator’s importance in elite ritual and trade.
Throughout Chinese history, drumming was an essential feature of rites intended to induce the Dragon Spirit to deliver rain and may have simulated the alligator’s “thunderous” bellowing during the spring mating season.
Pankenier: «Astrology and Cosmology in Early China»
With some luck, seeable in Googe Books, look for «alligator».
"...for every culture to have these shared myths, and legends with similar features, a very long time ago there was a common observation of some disastrous event. What kind of event could have been observable all over the world, disastrous and looking like a dragon? Two different kinds of astronomical event seem like candidates. A particularly bright comet passing close to the Earth, perhaps, early in human history, with a long glowing tail unfurling itself across the night sky for weeks on end, visible from every continent? We know from medieval records that comets were traditionally regarded as omens of doom, associated with predictions of cataclysms and plagues. They created horror and fear in people’s minds. Alternatively, an actual impact on the Earth by a large meteor would have been seen as a brilliant light streaking across the sky and would have been followed by an impact involving a vast explosion which flattened trees for miles, threw vast amounts of dust into the atmosphere and therefore perhaps altered the course of the seasons for a while. Many different legends (especially Slavic and European) mention the disastrous effects of dragon attacks. Myths tell that fire breathing monsters killed children, women and the elderly, ate domestic animals and burnt crops, gardens and forests. Failed harvests and lack of protein due to the inability to hunt would have caused widespread hunger and poverty. In turn, this would have caused numerous human deaths, especially among children, women and the elderly. Those lucky enough to survive would have told their children and grandchildren about those horrible times when the ‘dragon’ attacked."
"... increasing numbers of scientists may be coming to see that the global theme of the Doomsday comet is not a figment of human imagination, but a universal memory yet to be deciphered. The recent Discover Magazine article "Did a Comet Cause the Great Flood?" discusses the research of Bruce Masse, an environmental archaeologist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Masse says of ancient petroglyphs depicting coiling serpents, "You can't tell me that isn't a comet." Masse concludes that, perhaps 5,000 years ago, a body three-miles wide smashed into the ocean off the coast of Madagascar. A watery cataclysm ensued, killing roughly eighty percent of the world's population."
Hi, Hilary:Yes, that's the part I was summarising. When I looked up the alligators, other sources said they mated in summer rather than spring, so I left that bit out. I'm sure I've read (in association with 2.1) that for the ancient Chinese farmer 'mating season' was winter: something to do while you're shut up in your hut waiting for spring. So in that regard, human and alligator seasons don't coincide.
I don't know what the Celestial Dragon gets up to, either.
Yes, in general, but that is not a Chinese dragon. A Chinese dragon does not bring disaster and doesn't breathe fire: it's a water-creature and brings rain.
Yes, there is something in Pankenier about how in the old days the king employed dragon-keepers.Hi, Hilary:
I don't know too much about alligators, I have read somewhere that they are docile creatures, but dangerous, can cause fatal injuries. I don't remember if Pankenier, Lewis or another told that in the old days even dragons were domesticable. I will try to look for the quotes.
I dare say alligators have a 'mating season' but humans manage to fill their whole year with a whole variety of 'mating seasons'. And this is why alligators didn't create the Shared Readings forum .About the mating season of ancient chineses farmers, of course they didn't watch tv, maybe they mate whenever they had a woman at hand. Mainly when they were married.
But the season for the youngs to get married, I was said, was the autumn although the season for courtship and mating, the «first hello» is what matters, was spring.
More hmmm - good soundtrack to this thread, lots of hmmm-ing and bellowing mating alligators... - is the celestial dragon moving through hexagram 1 primarily concerned with power? Or is it more to do with harmony and timeliness? True, the celestial dragon is the arbiter of what is timely, and that's certainly one definition of 'power', but there's a great deal more to it than that.Hmmm... But that's just a product of the same interchangeable Earth-heaven focus. Fire in the sky - Water on the Earth. Such "dragons" would "breathe rain," as a watery counterpart, mirroring its fiery companion in the heavens. And dragons are, after all, primarily concerned with POWER. Similarly, it is control over water, particularly its dramatic manifestations which is important, presumably in order to appease and prevent the anger of such Gods.
Yes, to the absolute importance of cataclysms and dis-astrous omens in shaping people's thought.Think of it this way: if you had a Earth change or catastrophe from the heavens - whether meteors/fireballs, comet swarms, supervolcanoes or earthquakes - all of which hugely shape the human psyche - the cultural interpretations vary only in accordance with geography. If you had a settlement on the coast who had never seen a tsunami before how would they interpret such a phenomena during and after it wiped out all their neighbours and members of their families? Maybe there were enormous water spouts and water tornados striated with lightening connected to the sea and clouds; raging storms, rising water levels and floods the likes of which our ancient people had never witnessed before.
All of which redraws and reshapes the ecology of the land and in turn, the landscape of the mind. It would behoove them to create rituals and beliefs that would appease such a dragon and to honour its cyclic presence in oral traditions and imagery so that later generations would be forewarned, the message of which however, gets lost over time and we just think it's honouring Nature to give a bountiful crop or look after sailors. I think its root is much more than that.
...Incidentally, I think this is the heart of the "Mandate of Heaven" and the dynastic cycle where the behaviour of rulers, the condition of the Earth and cyclic catastrophe are intimately related. But that's another story...
More hmmm - good soundtrack to this thread, lots of hmmm-ing and bellowing mating alligators... - is the celestial dragon moving through hexagram 1 primarily concerned with power? Or is it more to do with harmony and timeliness? True, the celestial dragon is the arbiter of what is timely, and that's certainly one definition of 'power', but there's a great deal more to it than that.
Yes, to the absolute importance of cataclysms and dis-astrous omens in shaping people's thought.
And in China at least, the harmony of nature is every bit as important. Nature contains principles of order, it's woven round its own jing-threads, and human society needs to accord and resonate with those. When the natural world is out of harmony, so are we. (I get the impression that the causality of that - whether heavenly disorder caused human upheaval or vice versa - wasn't a settled thing, but the correlation certainly was.)
So there are forces for chaos and for harmony - and the dragon of hexagram 1 is a force for harmony. No doubt it has a few sources - the dragon that spends the winter in the mountain lake, the alligator-dragon - but the most important one is the dragon made of stars. This dragon flies across the sky in the same way and at the same time every year, bringing the rain and laying out a pattern for our work in the fields. It isn't capricious; it doesn't cause disasters. (There are plenty of other things to do that.)
For a full account of this, with star charts and an explanation of what's happening in 2.6, see Pankenier's book.
...and one you can also read in detail in Pankenier. He points to a specific celestial phenomenon - an exceptionally tight clustering of the five visible planets - as signalling a change of mandate. The dates of this planetary grouping line up neatly with changes of dynasty. He also ties this in with the receiving of the Hetu and Luoshu diagrams... and really, you don't need my vague impressionistic version of this, you need the book. You'll enjoy it.
Hi, Trojina:... I don't wholly buy any of the ideas so far about the origin of the Chinese dragon since I think the origin of the Chinese dragon was the dragon somewhere back in time.
Bradford, thanks! I didn’t realize that there were often found “examples” of dragons. Looking a lot like the alligators and yet different. Bigger, more impressive.
I don't know too much about alligators, I have read somewhere that they are docile creatures, but dangerous, can cause fatal injuries. I don't remember if Pankenier, Lewis or another told that in the old days even dragons were domesticable.
I don’t think anyone would dream of ‘domesticating alligators’. But keeping them, yes. Nowadays by criminal bigshots. There are enough video’s on youtube about how to handle alligators, and it always involves tons of muscle and daring. They are not nice, but as the sign of the beginning of the rains or other beneficent times people did appreciate them.Yes, there is something in Pankenier about how in the old days the king employed dragon-keepers.
Hex.1 is all about timing and man having to live in harmony with the time. Heaven’s clockhand is the big dipper, and the dragon constellation moving along with it.- is the celestial dragon moving through hexagram 1 primarily concerned with power? Or is it more to do with harmony and timeliness? True, the celestial dragon is the arbiter of what is timely, and that's certainly one definition of 'power', but there's a great deal more to it than that.
And in China at least, the harmony of nature is every bit as important. Nature contains principles of order, it's woven round its own jing-threads, and human society needs to accord and resonate with those. When the natural world is out of harmony, so are we. (I get the impression that the causality of that - whether heavenly disorder caused human upheaval or vice versa - wasn't a settled thing, but the correlation certainly was.)
… the dragon of hexagram 1 is a force for harmony.
I agree that big disasters or other important events are an origin of myths, but I think in the case of the dragon it was everyday life with its good and bad times which caused the myth of the alligator – and then dragon – as time-giver. A crop failure was a huge disaster back then, often erasing complete families, and many people were chronically close to it every day of their life. There are lots of almanacs in China with advice for the right time of sowing or harvesting and everything else connected with farming. But seeing in your own surroundings that the alligators wake up and knowing this is the moment for – whatever has to be done now. It is extremely important to have this connection with nature, survival depends on it.I suppose in that sense, when a planet or a person has reached such a point of imbalance that a shift is needed, such a temporary chaotic state can be seen as re-establishing new pathways to harmony. Perhaps the Dragons are seen from that dualistic perspective?
People found dragons – look at the picture Bradford posted. No need to invent them. But I still think the behavior of the alligators were the origin of the connection with water-bringers.For myself I think dragons were dragons. I mean who is to say they didn't exist. They may not have been invented by the human mind at all.
Dracula is the myth of the vampires, which started after a huge epidemic of rabies in Hungary. Infected people got a need to bite, caused by the virus in their brain, and oversensitivity to light (water, mirrors, sunlight). The bite passed the disease on to the victim. Vampires got associated with the bats which bit cattle and other animals at night, sucking their blood.For westerners DRAGON shares etymology with DRACULA
It is fun to find something like this, fun to make a page about it, but lots of fun when a discussion starts. Thanks everyone!Pankenier page 67-68
Thus there is abundant evidence to suggest that the dragon ranked high in the pantheon of spirit entities revered by those early Bronze Age Chinese. The behavioral characteristics of the Chinese alligator suggest the reason why. Today, this Yangtze alligator is so called because it lives almost exclusively in or near the Yangtze River. They are denizens of swampland, which explains their gradual retreat southward as a result of the growing aridity of the north over the past three millennia. A noteworthy characteristic of their behavior is that during the winter they hibernate in underground burrows to conserve energy, emerging in spring to hunt during the warmth of the day. During the summer, in contrast, they switch to a nocturnal schedule. Like the peasantry, they store up caloric reserves from March through October to see them safely through winter hibernation. It can hardly be a coincidence that the seasonal behavior of this intimidating and sometimes aggressive creature is a perfect analog of the Dragon constellation's behavior and the seasonal activity of the late Neolithic and Three Dynasties farmers.
People found dragons – look at the picture Bradford posted. No need to invent them. But I still think the behavior of the alligators were the origin of the connection with water-bringers.
Dragon Reborn
Alligator Sinensis
THE ONLY OTHER ALLIGATOR SPECIES IN THE WORLD is the Chinese Alligator. These small, harmless reptiles once inhabited much of East China but by the turn of the 20th. century there were just a handful of them left on one tiny part of the inmense floodplain of the Yangtze River. They survive in a few village ponds separated by miles of rice paddies and cornfields, so they weren't breeding anymore...
Vladimir Dinets: Dragon Songs: Love and Adventure among Crocodiles, Alligators, and Other Dynosaur Relations
Preview available at Google Books: https://books.google.com.ar/books?i...OAhVLGZAKHWrHC0YQ6AEIVDAF#v=onepage&q&f=false
You can right-click on the picture (in Chrome) and search for it in Google - and then take the page results to Google translate. This one has been hibernating for 180 million years.Is there any more to that than the picture?
Not even this image is a dragon?? Or at least looking like one? It has no wings, but a regular Chinese dragon has no wings (one later kind does). It has all the rest.
The dragon is not identical to the alligator, even though the alligator might be the inspiration. Like a bat is not a vampire like the kind in the stories (though there are bats called vampire bat). And a normal snake is not an Ouroboros, biting its tail.
Dear LiSe:... I don’t think anyone would dream of ‘domesticating alligators’. But keeping them, yes...
The Western dragon is a completely different animal. It is a symbol of the maiden (or her parents) denying the young man the access to her bed...
Dracula is the myth of the vampires, which started after a huge epidemic of rabies in Hungary. Infected people got a need to bite, caused by the virus in their brain, and oversensitivity to light (water, mirrors, sunlight). The bite passed the disease on to the victim. Vampires got associated with the bats which bit cattle and other animals at night, sucking their blood.
No- I just figured that in an agricultural society in a land full of dinosaur bones, somebody must have dug up something big and scary like that and either attached it to the idea of dragons or else formed the first picture of dragons from it.Is there any more to that than the picture?
Hi, Hilary:Trojina - Chinese dragons don't have wings. They can fly without them.
Why don't I get a pet alligator?
Trojina - Chinese dragons don't have wings. They can fly without them.
Why don't I get a pet alligator?
Many myths have a huge disaster as their origin. The myth of the big flood is a worldwide example of it. But those are not the kind of myths which are celebrated each year. The dragon with its cycle has many celebrations in China, because it belongs to everyday life, year-round. The myth of the flood is told as stories or part of sacred books.More hmmm-like musings... I suppose what I'm describing is that in that "absolute importance" of periodic earth-cosmological changes I'm not implying that it quoshes all other related symbolism. Only that such cyclic and often global phenomena were the root cause of its development and trajectory of subsequent mythology, becoming a many layered and complex medium of archetypal communication.
... To think that the root inception of the Dragon only represents the seasonal, rhythmic and repeatable may not be necessarily true. The initial spark of such a mythology - rather than how it was subsequently seen - may have been rooted in the unpredictable and anomalous as much as its predictability as a precise descriptor of Nature and the human-Cosmic connection.
Clarity,
Office 17622,
PO Box 6945,
London.
W1A 6US
United Kingdom
Phone/ Voicemail:
+44 (0)20 3287 3053 (UK)
+1 (561) 459-4758 (US).